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Oscar Micheaux is a Actor, Director, Scriptwriter and Producer American born on 2 january 1884 at Metropolis (USA)

Oscar Micheaux

Oscar Micheaux
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Birth name Oscar Devereaux Micheaux
Nationality USA
Birth 2 january 1884 at Metropolis (USA)
Death 25 march 1951 (at 67 years) at Charlotte (USA)

Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company produced some films, he is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the twentieth century and the most prominent producer of race films. He produced both silent films and "talkies" after the industry changed to incorporate speaking actors.

Biography

Jeunesse et formation
Oscar Micheaux est le fils de Calvin Swan Micheaux, un fermier, et de Belie (Washingham) Michaux, une institutrice, il est le cinquième de leur treize - ou onze enfants, les sources divergent - enfants. Après ses études secondaires à la Great Bend High School , il occupe différents emplois.

Inspiré par Booker T. Washington qui prône l'indépendance économique vis-à-vis de la société « blanche », en 1904, il achète une ferme près de Gregory dans le Dakota du Sud qu'il commence à exploiter en 1905.


Carrière professionnelle
Auteur de sept romans (entre 1913 et 1947), ainsi que de nouvelles, en 1913 il publie son premier livre The Conquest qui est suivi de The Forged Note en 1915, puis de The Homesteader en 1917, sorte de trilogie racontant la vie de jeunes ruraux afro-américains dans le monde blanc du Dakota du Sud. Pour garder le contrôle de la diffusion de ses œuvres littéraires, il crée une maison d’édition, la Western Book Supply Company.

Oscar Micheaux est surtout reconnu comme un pionnier du cinéma américain. La sortie en 1915 de Naissance d'une nation, choque la communauté noire et plus généralement les défenseurs des droits civiques. Certains cherchent une réplique, c'est ainsi qu'il est contacté par la Lincoln Motion Picture Company fondée en 1916 par les frères Noble, la première société de production cinématographique "black", leur souhait est de réaliser une adaptation de son roman The Homesteader . Oscar Micheaux refuse, comme pour ses romans, il tient à garder le contrôle. C'est ainsi qu'il emménage à Chicago en 1919, pour créer sa propre compagnie de production, au sein de laquelle il réalise le premier film afro-américain la même année, The Homesteader (réputé perdu à ce jour). C'est par ce film, tourné et produit par lui qu'il est considéré comme le père du cinéma afro-américain.

Son deuxième film en 1920, Within Our Gates (classé en 1992 au National Film Registry de la Bibliothèque du Congrès pour son importance historique), est une critique plus ou moins voilée — de même que son premier film pré-cité — de Naissance d'une nation (The Birth of a Nation, réalisé par D. W. Griffith en 1915). Son film de 1920, The Symbol of the Unconquered , est considéré comme une réplique de Naissance d'une nation, un tournant décisif du cinéma afro-américain

En 1924, il réalise Body and Soul (sorti l'année suivante), qui lance la carrière de Paul Robeson dans sa première prestation au cinéma et, en 1931, le premier film parlant afro-américain, The Exile (adapté de son premier roman de 1913, The Conquest : The Story of a Negro Pioneer by the Pioneer).

En tout, il réalise quarante-deux films — la plupart, produits et adaptés par lui, d'après l'un ou l'autre de ses romans et nouvelles —, le dernier en 1948. Il sera également acteur dans deux de ses films, en 1934 et 1935.


Engagement social
Oscar était membre du mouvement "Renaissance de Harlem", destiné à promouvoir, dans les années 1920 et 1930, la culture afro-américaine, son cinéma balaie les stéréotypes dévalorisants que les acteurs noirs devaient jouer. Cette émergence de nouveaux rôles, délivré du regard raciste, est également appelé The New Negro Renaissance. Son cinéma est politique, il aborde diverses questions comme les mariages mixtes, le racisme entre afro-américains selon la couleur plus ou moins prononcée, les arrestations arbitraires, les quartiers ségrégués, etc.. Cela dit, les relations avec les intellectuels du mouvement "Renaissance de Harlem" pouvaient être tendues, ces derniers voyant en cet autodidacte un être sans éducation.

Une de ses paroles résume son œuvre et sa vie :

« One of the greatest tasks of my life has been to teach that the [Black] man can be anything, » / L'une des plus grandes tâches de ma vie est d'apprendre que tout homme noir peut faire ce qu'il veut. (littéralement peut faire n'importe quoi).


Vie privée
Il a eu deux épouses : en 1910 il se marie avec Orlean E. McCracken, décédée en 1917, puis il épouse en 1926, l'actrice Alice B. Russell, décédée en 1984, qui jouera dans plusieurs de ses films.

Après son décès des suites d'un infarctus, il est inhumé au cimetière de Great Bend dans le Kansas.

Usually with

Source : Wikidata

Filmography of Oscar Micheaux (31 films)

Display filmography as list

Actor

Oscar Micheaux: The Czar of Black Hollywood, 1h7
Origin USA
Genres Documentary
Themes Documentary films about business, Documentary films about the film industry, Documentary films about cities
Actors Oscar Micheaux
Rating63% 3.1537953.1537953.1537953.1537953.153795
Oscar Micheaux was America's preeminent black filmmaker for three decades, having directed or produced 22 silent movies and 15 talking pictures. The Czar of Black Hollywood chronicles the real life experiences that inspired Micheaux's films, including the production of the first feature length film, The Homesteader (1919), and sound motion picture, The Exile (1931), by an African-American.

Director

The Betrayal, 3h3
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama
Rating66% 3.331693.331693.331693.331693.33169
Martin Eden is a successful African American farmer in South Dakota. He is in love with Deborah Stewart, but he believes that she is white and that she would not be interested in him. He is unaware that Deborah also loves him. Martin goes to Chicago to seek out a wife. After an unsuccessful date with a cabaret singer, he reconnects with an ex-girlfriend who introduces him to Linda. They fall in love and marry, and then return to Martin’s farm. The couple become parents, but their happiness is short-lived when Linda’s pathologically jealous father convinces her that Martin is homicidal. She flees the farm with their child and returns to Chicago. Martin tracks her down in the city, but Martin is shot by Linda during a fight. In South Dakota, Deborah discovers she is African American. She travels to Chicago and meets Linda, who agrees to divorce Martin so he can marry Deborah. Linda also gives her child to Deborah to raise. Martin and Deborah return to South Dakota and Linda kills her father in revenge for his role in destroying her marriage.
The Notorious Elinor Lee, 1h47
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama
Themes Sports films, Martial arts films, Boxing films, Le boxe anglaise
Actors Robert Earl Jones, Amanda Randolph, Oscar Polk, Juano Hernández
Rating62% 3.1127553.1127553.1127553.1127553.112755
Elinor Lee, a gangster’s moll living in the Harlem section of New York City, has signed up-and-coming boxer Benny Blue to a 10-year contract. Lee and a pair of corrupt fight promoter scheme to build up Blue as a potential champion, with the goal of betting against him when they force him to take a dive in a champion fight. Lee conspires to hire Fredi, an old friend of Blue and an escaped convict hiding from the law, to be his sweetheart and to control him for Lee and her partners.
Lying Lips
Lying Lips (1939)
, 1h
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Musical
Actors Robert Earl Jones, Juano Hernández, Amanda Randolph
Rating47% 2.350272.350272.350272.350272.35027
Elsie, a popular nightclub singer, refuses to go out with the customers at the request of the white owner of the club. The owner decides to get Benjamin, the black manager of the club, to talk to Elsie and try to persuade her to cooperate. Benjamin refuses and quits his job. Benjamin tells Elsie of his conversation with the owner and persuades Elsie to stay on because she is popular and can make a lot of money, but he warns her to be careful. Elsie stays, but still refuses to date the customers.
God's Step Children, 1h10
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama
Actors Alice Burton Russell, Charles R. Moore
Rating56% 2.8208152.8208152.8208152.8208152.820815
A young black woman arrives at the home of a black widow, Mrs. Saunders, and begs her to look after her light-skinned baby, whom she cannot afford to feed. At first she says this is temporary while she looks for work, but as she leaves she declares she will never be back. Mrs. Saunders pledges to raise the "poor little darling" as her own, alongside her own son Jimmie. She names her Naomi.
Swing!
Swing! (1938)
, 1h9
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Musical
Themes Musical films
Actors Amanda Randolph
Rating56% 2.814352.814352.814352.814352.81435
Mandy Jenkins (Cora Green), an African American cook for a wealthy white family in Birmingham, Alabama, discovers her husband Cornell is having an affair with Eloise Jackson (Hazel Diaz). When she confronts her husband and Eloise at a nightclub, a violent fight ensues. Eloise leaves Birmingham and relocates to the Harlem section of New York City, where she gets a job as a cabaret vocalist under the false name of Cora Smith. She is followed to Harlem by her husband, Lem, who becomes mixed up in the local crime scene. Mandy also arrives in New York, having left Cornell. She gets a job as the wardrobe mistress at the cabaret where Eloise is performing. When Eloise breaks her leg during a drunken fall, Mandy is recruited as the last-minute substitute and becomes a musical star as the revue is transferred to Broadway. Cornell, who is now destitute, reunites with Mandy and agrees never to cheat on her again.
Underworld
Underworld (1937)
, 1h35
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Genres Drama, Crime
Actors Oscar Polk, Lorenzo Tucker
Rating50% 2.5464552.5464552.5464552.5464552.546455
Murder In Harlem, 1h42
Directed by Oscar Micheaux, Clarence Williams
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Crime
Actors Alice Burton Russell
Rating50% 2.5341452.5341452.5341452.5341452.534145
An African-American man is framed of the murder of a white woman, but a white man is found to be responsible.
The Girl from Chicago
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Musical, Crime
Actors Juano Hernández, Frank H. Wilson, Alice Burton Russell
Rating45% 2.29882.29882.29882.29882.2988
Un agent fédéral se retrouve affecté au Mississippi, où il tombe amoureux d'une jeune femme. Il l'aide à échapper à un voyou local, et ils sont impliqués dans l'assassinat d'un racketteur cubain à Harlem.
Ten Minutes to Live, 58minutes
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Musical, Crime
Themes Musical films
Actors Lawrence Chenault, Lorenzo Tucker
Rating41% 2.0977252.0977252.0977252.0977252.097725
A movie producer offers a nightclub singer a role in his latest film, but all he really wants to do is bed her. She knows, but accepts anyway. Meanwhile, a patron at the club gets a note saying that she'll soon get another note, and that she will be killed ten minutes after that.
Veiled Aristocrats
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Drama
Actors Lorenzo Tucker, Lawrence Chenault
Rating49% 2.488412.488412.488412.488412.48841
John Walden, a light-skinned African American lawyer, returns to his family in North Carolina after being away for 20 years. Walden has passed as white and been successful. He discovers domestic turmoil: his mother is trying to dissuade his sister Rena, who is also light skinned, from being romantically involved with Frank Fowler (Carl Mahon), a dark-skinned African-American businessman. With his mother’s blessing, Walden suggest that Rena abandon Fowler and move with him to another part of the city, where she could pass for white.
The Darktown Revue, 18minutes
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Musical
Themes Musical films
Actors Tim Moore
Rating49% 2.4595752.4595752.4595752.4595752.459575
The Exile
The Exile (1931)

Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Genres Drama, Musical
Actors Charles R. Moore
Rating48% 2.444622.444622.444622.444622.44462
The story begins in Chicago, where Edith Duval (Eunice Brooks) has become a power in the African American community, largely because she came into possession of a South Chicago mansion where she used to be a servant: the white family that owned the mansion abandoned it when blacks started moving into the neighborhood. She is in love with Baptiste, and at first it seems like they may be a match, but she rejects his idealism and he her cynicism: she wants to turn the mansion into a speakeasy and nightclub.
A Daughter of the Congo
Directed by Oscar Micheaux
Origin USA
Actors Lorenzo Tucker, Alice Burton Russell, Charles R. Moore
Rating17% 0.8908050.8908050.8908050.8908050.890805
Lupelta (Katherine Noisette) is a mixed-race Congolese girl who was stolen at birth and raised by a hostile tribe. She is designated to marry a tribal chief, but on her way to the wedding she is abducted by Arab slave traders. Before she is sold into slavery, she is rescued by an African-American military battalion under the command of Captain Paul Dale (Lorenzo Tucker). Dale brings Lupelta to a mission school, where she is successfully acquainted with Western-style civilization. However, she never completely loses touch with the tribal customs and influences that shaped her formative years.